Even emptiness can be plagiarized. See Cage's 4'33"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4%E2%80%B233%E2%80%B3#Plagiari...
4'33 is not empty! That is a common misperception. 4'33 is the sound of the ambient space around the listener. Each performance is unique.
interesting connection to Cage. Maybe Springer Nature also sees the empty pdf as a form of art? :)
That page says that eight years after the supposed lawsuit "Batt admitted that the alleged legal dispute had been a publicity stunt and that he had actually only made a donation of £1,000 to the John Cage Foundation."[1] I guess that he plagiarized it is sure even if the copyright claim was not litigated.
1. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-hampshire-11964995