> what does ASIF do that Qcow2 doesn't
Mount natively in macOS
> why does it take so long to copy [...] out of a dmg
Compression mostly. DMG contents can optionally be compressed using zlib, lzfse, or slow as molasses bzip2.
Also Gatekeeper.
Additionally, while I don't know much about APFS, I don't think it would be beneficial to point the extracted app to blocks that are also part of the dmg file, i.e. some copying has to happen anyway.
Additionally, while I don't know much about APFS, I don't think it would be beneficial to point the extracted app to blocks that are also part of the dmg file, i.e. some copying has to happen anyway.