I just dont buy the argument that it would be that expensive for the governments to provide certified keychain fobs that provide hardware based identification.
That was an option for the past 15+ tears at least in some EU countries. Its just not very convenient (garbage tier software they bought didn’t help either).
It's pretty expensive to deal with all of the technical support and identity verification work when people lose their devices and need to have credentials reset.
Here in Germany everyone who has an ID card, which is basically everyone, already has a secure chip for this purpose.