Well, a word can have different meanings in different contexts but still have a clear meanings in each particular context. But I agree that “jurisdiction” doesn’t have a well defined meaning in the context of individuals being subject to the jurisdiction of a nation.
In that case, the proper approach is to look at other evidence of what the drafters meant, which is what both the majority and dissents did.
This is not the only "proper approach" and what approach is proper is a hotly contested question.
But it doesn't even matter, because in this case it is very clear what the drafters intended.