Your understanding is incorrect. All research is unprofitable, by definition. Vaccines are wildly profitable.
Yeah, there would be none without government support.
Remember when everyone was contributing spare dimes to fund a vaccine?
> All research is unprofitable, by definition.
The game to compensate for that is to be to convince gullible investors that your commercially viable fusion plant, or quantum computer, or unrealistic space ambitions are just 5 years away! Invest now or miss out!
The line between research and scamming in an ultracapitalist economy becomes very blurry.
Yeah that's called survivorship bias. The ones that make it to market can be wildly profitable to manufacture. Doing all the work to sift through what does and doesn't work to discover new vaccines wouldn't happen without public funding.