That still doesn’t take away from the point that innovation does happen in Europe; the first version of Linux was created and released while he was at the university of Helsinki. If you want another example, Fraunhofer created the MP3 format, which went on to revolutionise the world of digital audio. Many of the LLM foundational science came from European scientists.

However, when it comes to ones to turning science into products, the USA seems to have an edge quite often. It’s just not as mono-dimensional as GP framed it.