The sad part is that this has a solution. It's called adb root. Your adb stays locked unless you unlock it, and you're not able to get root on the phone. But you can through the adb shell, meaning that when app X wants to screw your data away from you you can still copy it. There is something deeply wrong about locking filesystems even from read access. GrapheneOS should at the very least give a full read-only access to the fs through (possibly) limited adb access.
Absolutely! Even if they require (like with bootloader unlock) adb and screen unlock for access.
That'd still allow you to free your data.
Ideally though the native filemanager should just have a sudo mode that can be entered to access everything, if desired.