Cornelis Drebbel figured out how to manage co2 in 1610 when he deployed the first submarine. With 4 oarsmen submerged in a leaky wooden sub, running out of oxygen was an issue — as was excess co2. Somehow they were able to stay for hours at a time.

Boyle describes Drebbel’s use of a “chymical liquor” to refresh the air. Father of CO2 reduction tech right there, haha.

https://sourcelibrary.org/book/philosophical-works-vol-2-boy...

Fwiw, I think he used about 70kg of lime as a ballast.