Btw, the cosmetics industry functions similarly, but worse. Although I suppose the health dangers are lower (the monetary ones are not).

For anti aging stuff, the workhorse ingredient is retinol (with a few formulation variations).

However, it is very difficult to buy _just_ retinol - most beauty brands bundle up retinol with a bunch of other ingredients. This has a couple of issues:

1. You won't know your retinol dosage. These creams almost never tell you the retinol proportion and concentration.

2. You're overpaying by _a lot_. The luxury name brand cream will cost maybe 10x more than the similarly sized $9 bottle of retinol from the ordinary, but it will only contain some fraction of retinol.

Tbf this has been slowly changing and I see even La Roche Posay sells retinol bottles for $50. Insane markup, but smaller than what was the case 5 years ago.

This is all compounded with the fact that it's very difficult to tell if your anti aging cream is actually working from your own experience:

- its effect is slow acting

- it's difficult to compare the result with the counterfactual, unless e.g. you only use it on half your face