What would go wrong with the DHCP server if it simply did not check if someone’s responding to pings at that address before handing out the lease?
I believe some clients (dhcpcd, networkd) also do the check on their side, so it's possible that they reject the lease and ask for a new one if it's in use.
Nothing with the DHCP server. But as per the article, many clients won't accept such an address. And even if they would accept it, duplicate IP assignments are yet another exciting and hard to debug network problem.