√(G × mass÷radius) [escape velocity] = v_e × ln(m_0 ÷ m_f) [Tsiolkovsky]

Impossible to tell how much extra mass you need but it's exponential. Adding a unit of v_e [effective exhaust velocity] to escape velocity means you need 2.717 times as much fuel in an ideal rocket.

Earth escape velocity is 11000m/s ignoring atmosphere (which is not ignorable). If the new planet is 6x mass and 2x radius then √3 times escape velocity (about 1.73) would be about 8000m/s extra velocity which is about 3 times a random v_e which means you need about a 25 times bigger rocket. Ignoring the denser atmosphere which makes it even worse.