It wouldn't if you own the full chain, i.e. have knowledge of both the on-device salt and hash AND the server salt and hash. However, in the scenario of using a third party like TelemetryDeck you as the developer would not be able to link the device hash to the server hash because you never see the latter.

So, my reading is: if there would be some mechanism (or a third party) which obfuscates the server hash so that you cannot tie it back to the device hash and only tells you "we've seen this device already" it could be anonymous. Of course, it also heavily depends on what other data you associate with that.