Systems programming is very much about minutiae, to a great extent. And this particular detail will affect any systems language, one way or another. Every language has to decide if the calling convention is part of the function signature or not, and every systems language then has to decide whether it allows C functions with the same name as native functions or not. The C++ standard decided to allow this, which actual C++ compiler implementers decided to ignore for whatever reason, but that's just a bug, of which, again, you'll find many others if you actually do systems programming.
I'll also note that "Odin, Rust, Zig" is a weird enumeration - neither Zig nor Odin are anywhere near being a realistic option for a new complete system. Odin is so obscure it doesn't even have a Wikipedia page. Zig is still pre-1.0 and often makes breaking changes to core libraries.
> Every language has to decide if the calling convention is part of the function signature or not
Well, of course it is. If you get the calling convention wrong, then you can't actually reliably call the function. I've seen this in e.g. Win32 — pass the function with the wrong calling convention as your callback, and it will dutifully thrash your stack.
The only other option is "pretend that there is only single calling convention that everyone uses" which is apparently somewhat works on platforms that are not 32-bit x86, but only mostly.
> The C++ standard decided to allow this,
Decided to prohibit, actually.
> which actual C++ compiler implementers decided to ignore for whatever reason,
Because it's UB anyway so why bother detecting it, and it mostly works most of the time when people use it, so again, why bother prohibiting it? No promises on keeping things working in perpetuity, of course.
I'm talking about design flaws, not engineering details. I would appreciate if you would respond in spirit. I do think the list I gave is odd, and it is so because it's kind of a mashup of recent pop-culture things. I'm literally just appealing to people to attempt to use something designed with the benefit of 50 years of hindsight. Why am I being downvoted?
To be fair, Odin _had_ a Wikipedia page and it has been removed because of... people with whatever interests. But I'm still agreeing with your general point. I use C/C++ because it seems to be the least friction option to me overall, and I don't want to deal with language but simply focus on my actual compute problem. (Given that, I spend an unreasonable amount of time in silly fights about language).