Cost of electricity isn’t a long term advantage in my opinion. Private companies will figure it out.
What matters most is $/completed task. It does seem like OpenAI and Anthropic are winning here even with worse electricity rates. Perhaps it is made up by the efficiency of Nvidia and Broadcom chips, which China can’t get in mass.
I do think that OpenAI and Anthropic are moving up in stickiness. My company has rallied around Claude. We are customizing Claude Code, adding knowledge bases for non technical people, writing skills for them, using Claude features company wide. It’s hard to move.
Meanwhile, I personally use ChatGPT outside of work. The memory, ease of use, habit keeps my subscribed.
> Private companies will figure it out.
Across sectors, China added 543 GW of energy in 2025. Next year, USA is expected to add between 70 and 80 GW of energy
Seems like most popular harnesses, including codex and Claude code, support Agent Skills (an open spec for skill formatting/ organization): https://agentskills.io/clients
Which is to say, this isn't really a lock-in/ stickiness vector (unless maybe the wording itself of a skill is hyper-optimized for a specific model)
I'd really love to see the evidence on this!
I'm a model nomad, using whatever solved my last problem the best and where it makes the most sense to start my next work in.
However with the latest models Fable, Kimi K3, 5.6, it's getting to a point where I sometimes forget what model I am on without noticing a difference. And once I realize it because something may not be exactly like I expected it I won't switch for that work either because I don't want to invalidate the cache.
For the next work I will do there is maybe a 50/50 chance to remember to switch the model before I start.
That's not what I would call stickiness towards a certain provider.