Many of those assumptions are standards such as the filesystem hierarchy (granted, that's an xkcd 927 situation), nix is a bit of a special snowflake that breaks things in subtle ways (e.g. [0][1]) and needs workarounds in various places. Those workarounds are not necessarily onerous, but they would be unnecessary if it didn't deviate.

[0] https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/420513 [1] https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/94228

>and the assumptions in the rest of the ecosystem have been fighting every step of the way

There is an arrogance in the way of thinking that when you see everyone breaking your arbitrary rules you think to yourself "there is no way my rules are at fault, it's everyone else's fault for breaking them."

>due to the huge number of places where hardcoded relationships have been baked in.

And why are hardcoded relationships bad for developers or users of the operating system? "Because they break Nix" is not a good excuse. Plenty of other operating systems work just fine with such things hardcoded, I don't see developers complaining about these hardcoded things, and moving things around can only make things more confusing for the user.

To me it looks like Nix picked a poor design and instead of going back to the drawing board and trying to come up with a better design they have gone all in on trying to force their bad design to work.

How much work do you think iOS or Android spend on app packaging / installation per year. Despite having millions of more developers and billions of more users they spend orders of magnitude less than NixOS does.

Edit: I can't reply since I'm rate limited.

Debian already supports installing multiple php versions.

You can use the update-alternatives command to set which one is default for the php command.

Via your web server's config you can config which php version a site will use.