Money isn't lost per se, it's transferred.
ie for every loser there is a winner.
Obvious ones are those who can extract value from this companies now ( high salaries/bonus etc ), swapping worthless paper for real assets, Nvidia and their share holders etc. Investors who hold short positions etc.
True but the opportunity cost is truly lost. Entropy comes for everyone. If we spend a lot of money digging holes in the ground then filling them again, maybe no money was lost.
You are trying to define zero sum without saying it. The market is not zero sum, a loan isn't zero sum.
There isn't a winner and loser.