Despite my ignorance on what would be involved, I like to fantasize that companies like Apple (who own their own chip design and hardware) can put these ternary pack/unpack operations in hardware with a single instruction for each (and also instructions for performing the various matrix convolutions using ternary numbers) so that we can get on-device LLMs.

I suppose with the recent quantized Bonsai models we're already seeing on-device LLMs for phones and the like… But I (again, forgive my ignorance) assume that there is an order of magnitude or more in performance sitting out there if we get custom hardware instructions.