> - what "maintainable" is is probably some high dimensional space described by these signals; it'd probably require some human labeling to figure out where this space is

this is a nicely succinct way to put this - a multi-dimensional space where no single metric is really useful

state space of the system is interesting too. I would guess that for any production software with dependencies like databases/third parties that might be too hard to measure, but if you can silo off parts of your system into bounded state machines, it may be a value metric on some module behind a clean interface.

I think the kubernetes control loop model is a great instance of this, a handful of scoped components that own a control loop across a well-defined state machine, that can operate / recover in the face of most network partitions or downtime - the promise of CRDTs but rather more a pragmatic approach to it