Once you enumerate what your development pipeline actually depends on, you will see it rely on a lot of stuff. A typical CI run pulls from npm, PyPI, Docker Hub, a distro mirror and a handful of third-party, none under your control, none with an SLA to you. Third-party outages, yanked versions, compromised packages are the things that can waste your time. Some packages may also drop support for whatever distro you're still using, and the mirrors may disappear (e.g. older Python versions, ROS, etc.).
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> CI run pulls from npm, PyPI, Docker Hub, a distro mirror and a handful of third-party, none under your control, none with an SLA to you.
To be honest, they shouldn't do so directly. For the obvious reason you stated, they don't have a SLA to you or your company. But also because it is a shitty thing to do as a company. Companies should have their own proxies and mirrors for any repository they pull from. Both to be in control of the dependencies you as a company rely on and to not unnecessarily put load on free third party repositories.
Had not heard of your solution. More often than not I come across Harbor, Nexus or things like GCPs internal stuff.