The article does not mention land-based fish farms but instead the "egg", a more enclosed pen that is underwater but estimate that it is 10 times the cost of a pen. How would a land-based fish farm would compare economically to those innovative underwater sea pens in your seemingly educated opinion ?
I have an acquaintance that works as a consultant on one of the ”egg” (closed or semi closed) floating fish farms. I also know a professor who thinks they are going to be much more viable from an energy point of view. Personally I think they will have a big challenge economically until we start charging for the externalities of the open pen systems. Much like a carbon tax.