Systems running macOS (i.e. Mac systems) use SATA or NVMe disks (depending on their age) which come with their own controllers, hence it's always isolated from the OS except SMART data. I have no idea about iOS systems.

Controller based management is also true for SD cards of any form, CF cards, USB flash drives or any external drives. This makes only embedded systems and devices like phones with direct NAND/NOR management AFAICS.