You can receive a lot of weather satellites with self-build equipment utilizing the tool "SatDump". But: the good old times of 137MHz analog satellite pictures are over. We talking about digital high-rate X-Band stuff (~8GHz) that requires auto-tracked dishes here.

Sentiel-2 data can be pulled for free from the Copernicus service. It's a LEO sat and you often get a picture every 2 days of the same region.

DWD (German Meteo Service) offers a metric ton of data on their FTP Server as public data.