Audited financial statements of all kinds of hospitals, both non-profit and for-profit. Here’s data from Moodey’s a credit rating agency: https://www.chartis.com/insights/hospital-margins-trend-high... (“This month, Moody’s credit rating agency released its annual not-for-profit and public healthcare median financial report for 2024, showing that overall hospital performance continues to improve. The median operating margin increased from 0.5% in 2023 to 1.5% in 2024.”).

The $37 for an aspirin offsets huge costs elsewhere for (non-NP) nurses, receptionists, janitors, orderlies, etc., who can’t bill directly to medicare.