Line scan cameras are (were?) also very common in industrial applications. It is the best way to take images of objects on a rapidly-moving conveyor belt as you don't have to be worried about blurring due to long shutter times, and you can achieve incredible frame rates.

The downside is that they are highly specialized (in other words: expensive) and require knowledge of the belt speed to reconstruct a proper image. I would not be too surprised if modern high-framerate video cameras took over a decent chunk of that niche.