Yes, in agentic coding, "code" is an artifact, in the sense of "release artifacts" the word used by VCS systems like GitHub. And the agentic step is not (or less) deterministic, so the burden on VCS is augmented by the need to track target code instead of being able to generate target code on demand through idempotency. Which explains why we are seeing the main VCS under infrastructural trouble.

Some recommendations to strengthen your theoretical framework and language.

Code is a quite ambiguous word, try using source code and target code. You can check out different definitions of source code, but a standard definition of these terms to me is Stallman's GPL, which is not just an academic textbook, it's actual binding contractual text for a huge body of software.