Worktrees share more git state (remotes, blobs, etc.) and don't require hunting down the repository url to feed to git clone, or a network connection to use said url. While you could get the same benefit from cloning your local repository, you're then in the weird state where `origin` is a local non-bare repository.
If you're setting up long-lived checkouts that you reuse, it doesn't help much (except perhaps saving space or bandwidth) vs multiple clones and some once up-front reconfiguration. On the other hand, if you want something more temporary - and perhaps based on your current HEAD without having to hunt down a commit id to feed a subsequent git clone / git checkout command - worktrees save you some boilerplate (re)configuration.