That makes as much sense as saying that better gun technology results in body armor that can stop it. It might incentivize that, but in no way "results" in that; the fundamental technologys underpinning advancements in offense versus defense are fairly different.
Except in this case, the gun is the one directly improving the body armor.
Maybe, but I think this misstates how security vulnerabilities work. Vulnerabilities are logic flaws, and we have every reason to believe that there is a maximum number of such flaws in any given system that allow exploitation; and even that we can conceivably develop logic that excludes any flaws. Whereas weapons and armor are devices that deliver and deflect/absorb energy, and any increase in the power of one means we need a corresponding increase in the other.
Now maybe our understanding of logic systems is wrong, and it's just fundamentally impossible to develop programs that lack exploitable vulnerabilities -- that you can always "exploit with more energy". But there's no reason to believe the energy metaphor transfers to logic and intelligence.