Don't really need vector calculus for this. Geometric intuition is sufficient. It is simply the summation of signed volumes of triangular columns/prisms parallel to the X axis.
Visualization: https://jsfiddle.net/L7r1hwca/
I don't know what they could possibly mean by the naïve algorithms with rendering and sampling (???).
Yeah, agreed. But words are cheap. It's one thing to say we don't need vector calculus, and another to develop that claim through the actual vector calculus, step by step.