I think Hydrofluoric acid is probably the substance you're describing which leaches the calcium out of your bones. It will certainly burn you too though. It's a common byproduct from heating fluorinated gases and is sometimes used in its own right for wet etching.
As an aside, I love it when they tell you in the safety WBT what the highly toxic gas smells like.
HF is released in lithium ion battery fires. Just one reason why the correct response to such a fire is GTFO as fast as you can.
Reminds me of something from chemistry class but I can"t remember exactly what it was (this was several decades ago now), I think it was sometimes used for etching glass, but if it got into your body -- I'm not sure if getting it just on your skin was necessarily a lethal hazard -- it would leech the calcium from your bones and was considered an especially nasty way to go. Our prof was helping her father in law clean out his garage and he had a bunch of it in a container, bought in the 60's or 70's for a glass etching kit, and was like "Okay I'm getting rid of this, but have you got any other hobbies you've been meaning to get around to that I should know about?".
For lower concentrations (< 50%) HF burns aren't always immediately visible (and often not immediately painful), which can delay treatment as people may assume it's not serious.