Window manipulation is trivial, most window managers are even natively programmable or at least support complex rulesets that don't need scripting for such basic tasks, I'm automating KWin in a similar manner for example.

There's a myriad of tools for blind input macros.

DE manipulation is generally done with DBus and CLI tools.

UI element manipulation (menus, icons, widgets) is done through a11y, with things like accerciser, dogtail, etc. AT-SPI makes it unified.

Providing an image... do you mean OCR? Use SikuliX, however that's just a Rube Goldberg machine like way to do things if you ask me. Not if deep UI automation to fix things is any better, though.

And of course you can script all that in any industry standard scripting language instead of janky DSLs.

>Just when sending this text, noticing that this site does not properly handle markdown bullet list, I found another great use case for Autohotkey, when pressing the Enter key on Hacker News ...

I think that's easier done with a userscript.