It follows from the definition of UB:

undefined behavior: "behavior, upon use of a nonportable or erroneous program construct or of erroneous data, for which this document imposes no requirements" The C++ spec at some point changed this to explicitly allow changing anything in the program not just the specific behavior implied by the "for which". The C spec never did this.

Because people were confused about this, in C23 we added the following note. "Note 3 to entry: Any other behavior during execution of a program is only affected as a direct consequence of the concrete behavior that occurs when encountering the erroneous or non-portable program construct or data. In particular, all observable behavior (5.1.2.4) appears as specified in this document when it happens before an operation with undefined behavior in the execution of the program."

Compilers mostly follow this. GCC has bugs related to volatile. Clang often follows the C++ standard, where it is different from C, so probably does not conform to the standard here (as for some other things).

The new C++ standard will have UB "barrier", i.e. std::observable that will limit the effect of UB to things before this barrier.