That requires access to the actual phone and the unlock code in the case of WhatsApp (you need to identify to add a WhatsApp web client).
For telegram it's a bit easier yes, but the user can set up an additional password. I have done so of course. Note that telegram is not E2EE so they can give your stuff to the police at any time unlike WhatsApp and signal.
For signal I don't know as I don't really use it but i understand it works the same way as WhatsApp, scan a QR code and authenticate to the phone.
Also, with all 3 systems it's clearly visible when you look at the linked systems.
It is possible to intercept text messages and phone calls in such a way that the recipient never even knows a text message or phone call was sent to them in the first place. SMS is an extremely insecure channel for handling authentication codes.
https://youtu.be/wVyu7NB7W6Y