No idea, but from this handy page:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_female_monarchs

it seems like the rest of the world (India, China, Thailand, Egypt, ...) had female monarchs of various sorts ('queen regnant' seems like a relevant terminology here, I'm not sure).

The closest ones to Europe (discounting ancient Egypt?) might be:

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85sa_Haraldsdottir_of_Agde... (semi-legendary)

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinar_of_Hereti (11th C. Georgian)

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boudica (of course, also other less-well known Britons)

Actually, there are a fair few Greek and Spanish examples. One other possible might be:

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronilla_of_Aragon (12th C.)