Have you ever done any mindfulness meditation? I hit on a similar idea while meditating. My analogy is the brain is like the full spectrum of radio frequencies, but there's a "main station" that is "I". From time to time you lose that signal and tune into something else. And just because you're not listening to it, it doesn't mean the other stations aren't still broadcasting.
I have no idea if there's a biological origin for any of this, but it definitely fits with my experience of meditation and awareness training.
When you turn your thoughts inward you're depending more heavily on the Default Mode Network. I'm not well versed in it, but I believe conditions like anxiety and ADHD are partially caused by "too much" activity from this feature of the brain. With meditation you learn to adjust how much activity is occurring here by (not?) focusing on it.