"We know that’s how the human brain works, at least directionally."
That's an extreme misrepresentation. What happens inside a human neuron is still not properly understood, it's not as simple as a probability function. And the network itself is certainly not feed-forward. Of course LLMs draw inspiration from the brain, so there are some similarities. But because of the language-trick of using terms from medicine and cognitive science to describe LLM architecture, we see a lot of faulty reasoning from the so-called "rationalist movement".
Modern neuroscience knows quite a lot about what is happening inside neurons. Is it "properly" understood? I don't know what you mean by "properly", so I can't answer that. If an acceptable rephrasing would be "... inside a human neuron is still not completely understood" the I would agree. But just because we don't know everything does not imply that we don't know anything. And keep in mind the qualifier in the part you replied to:
at least directionally.
Taking that qualifier to heart, I'd have to say that I agree with @rayiner. We know the broad brush strokes, even if some details are missing.