> extremely high prices for a few years that might have the effect of changing the arithmetic for potential competitors that wouldn't have done it before.

The big problem is, competitors need money. Say a fab costs 10 billion $ a piece, that is a big chunk of investment needed that absolutely needs to be paid back because even a big bank consortium will have a hard time shouldering this kind of single risk.

Now, the fab needs around three years to build... which means if there suddenly comes a huge amount of new supply or alternatively, the AI bubble pops, prices will crash, the companies won't be able to service the loans, and the banks will be sitting on a very expensive piece of real estate and machinery.

Particularly in semiconductors, this "bust and boom" cycle, "pork cycle" or however you want to call it, is very very well known. Banks and other investors have been through that one more often than you can count, that's the reason why there are so few producers left after all.

The only place I think can reasonably pull it off to start a competitor is China because their economic policy is focusing on decades in the future and the CCP is willing (and able) to shoulder the risk - however China can't acquire EUV machinery due to sanctions and will likely take a few years until they can pull it off on their own, by the time TSMC et al will already be at the next generation.