Some C++ compilers and linkers have better support for incremental compilation and linking, and do it more fine grained than Rust, e.g. VC++.

Some tooling ideas go all the way back to when C++ vendors started adopting ideas from Smalltalk and Lisp, e.g. Energize C++ or Visual Age for C++ v4.

Or build systems like ClearMake from ClearCase, where the object files and binary libraries are shared across everyone on the cluster with the same views (ClearMake speak for what files/branches are selected).