> Is that a reason to just accept bad public policy?

Not necessarily, but it should probably inform that public policy. I think the problem is no one knows what the public policy should be assuming that scenario is true. Even if you, somehow, regulate away massive GPU cluster training making such future training impossible, existing models are already here. Further already training smaller models for things like images, speech, and other specialties is cheaper than the bigger models.

I agree that we need some regulations like everything else, but it’s not clear to me what the right policy should be. I think the European ai act is a fine start, but it’s clearly not enough nor does it necessarily limits the training portion just the application portion. Not to mention that the requirements there can be summarized into something like “you have to be careful, and show evidence you tried to be careful”.