From recent Python Bytes podcast (https://pythonbytes.fm/episodes/show/496/a-lake-house-in-sea...)

> 1 Billion Row Challenge benchmark: Pandas took 4m28s vs. Polars 5.04s and DuckDB 5.19s — DuckDB also used 19x less memory

Python Vs Rust : In terms for speed - No comparison

(The above episode transcript has a link to blog post titled "Pandas should go extinct" )