Some of the nuclear rocket propulsion ideas propose exactly that, like Project Orion.
did they ever figure out how to brake? Spin the ship 180 degrees and bomb the front?
If you like Orion check out Project Pluto (they even built some some test bench engines)
Fission fragment rocket engines are also (theoretically) extremely efficient.. using the particles that come out of the reaction directly as a high-velocity exhaust stream.