It could, that's why there are teams that don't have a standup and work very well (I've been with both and I much prefer the ones that dont have a standup OR they meet on a standup to chit-chat and keep up the connections rather than discuss the actual work - simply because they have autonomy and can do it async)

Yes it can, see Conway's Law.

Unfortunately I cannot peek at the brains of my fellow colleagues to have their context at any given time.

no

Yes but good luck finding the skilled humans that do both things - developing and communicating - well. They do exist, but they are not so common.

No, why? Humans need time to get into concentration, and they aren't awake 24/7, and they can get distracted.