You can do this on KDE. Just set Okular as the default app for markdown files, If you want editing too LibreOffice instead (and on any OS and DE). The only problem is that it is a viewer not an editor. There are editors with preview which solve that. Even editors without preview will highlight, and, there is already software that provides exactly what the author wants (notepad, which the article mentions) or visual editing of markdown (Libre Office)
I am not sure its that important that its a default. Markdown is primarily and editable format that is easily converted to a readable one - its the inverse of PDF which is a readable format that is hard to edit.
I've tried Okular now, and it doesn't reflow the text on width change, it just makes the font bigger/smaller (like a PDF). It also doesn't allow selecting/copying text from the file.
For some reason, Okular doesn't render tables with any kind of borders. Not sure what else it's missing, but that alone has made me it a poor solution as a viewer. So I end up loading the files on the command line or in zed, which is sort of the author's point.