> The Stripe we are all familiar was incorporated in Delaware, so there was not a collision. But both companies were described by a browser as “Stripe, Inc.”

As I recall, EV certificates also had the 'problem' that a lot of companies trade under names that aren't their full legal name, making the EV cert confusing. To use modern examples, twitter.com having an EV cert for "Space Exploration Technologies Corp", google.com having an EV cert for "Alphabet Inc" and suchlike.