This is a viable approach for many scenarios. Uniffi is a tool/library from Mozilla that makes this a lot easier across platforms.
After a few rounds of this though it might end up seeming like it's not worth the hassle and it's easier to build the whole application in Rust.
Switching out the entire ecosystem, libraries, tooling; rewriting the entire codebase; learning the new language and its idioms; and then giving up the unknown benefits of the previous language that the new language lacks (for Go->Rust this could e.g. be compile times)—generally, trading known downsides of a language for unknown downsides of another—is a huge undertaking and therefore very unlikely to ever be worth the hassle.
Lifetime and smart pointer hell is real though.