I didn't think I needed to spell it out for the HN crowd, since folks talk about the Chinese models every day. But, OK...

At least three Chinese companies have bragged about their latest models being trained and/or served on Chinese-made GPUs. Literally within the past 24 hours, LongCat spent a large portion of their release announcement for 2.5 bragging about how efficient their training process is and that it runs on domestic (Chinese) GPUs: "LongCat-2.5 uses long-sequence training during both mid-training and SFT. With less than 80 GB of memory per domestic AI accelerator, the training system prioritizes memory efficiency and aligns its parallelism with the supernode architecture."

https://longcat.ai/blog/longcat-2.5/

DeepSeek has repeatedly blown the curve in terms of how efficiently a model can be trained and served, Xiaomi and Z.ai aren't far behind, and have also discussed training and serving on home-grown hardware. I'm sure you can search Arxiv for all of the papers from these providers (DeepSeek, in particular, who document seemingly everything, even when they're doing something ahead of the US providers) as well as I can.