A modern chess engine would definitely have defeated Kasparov in 1996. It would have had a database containing all the games, particularly that strange game against a computer nobody knew anything about, which seemed to be able to anticipate all of Kasparov's moves.
Even without an explicit DB it would have been quite strong, core Stockfish would be enough to beat any human as well. Ofc learnings from strange games would still be compressed somewhere in the eval functions.