Nice work! A similar vulnerability in 2019 also found by you included the recommendation to update with:
apt -o Acquire::http::AllowRedirect=false update
apt -o Acquire::http::AllowRedirect=false upgrade
Since this also involves redirects, would that protect users while updating apt for this one also?
That sounds right to me, but FYI the APT maintainers themselves are recommending Acquire::Retries=0 as the mitigation since some mirrors might actually have redirects.