Modern diffusion models aren't trained like GANs. GANs failed to scale and generalize. Diffusion models do sometimes use Variational Auto-encoders (VAEs), which are a similar structure but which functions differently.

I don't know about Pangram's viability as a discriminator but I can tell you as someone who has recreationally trained GANs that they're really really finicky to train and training fails in all sorts of inscrutable ways. It wouldn't surprise me if even though in theory you could do a GAN-style form of training with Pangram, in practice it might actually be very difficult.