In Android apps need to request location permission. You can reject it and/or uninstall those which request it.
Most apps will only be able to request location while running in the foreground.
Weather apps are unusual for having a reason to request background location access and so you should treat them with particular suspicion.
I regret that we've moved away from a world where you could easily tell your device throw a privacy-preserving bone to pesky apps. ("Sure, you've got location access, but it'll only show my house, you don't get to see where else I go.")
Instead our ownership and agency has been sacrificed on the altar of "but BigCo doesn't like it because users can lie."
> Weather apps are unusual for having a reason to request background location access
Not really. I can just set the location in settings.