The first one sets "no-touch-required" and not the second one, is that expected?

Anyway, resident key means that you can extract the public key from the yubikey. Say someone steals your Yubikey Fido2 PIN and your Yubikey, they have everything.

Non-resident key means that the attacker needs to get that "useless" file you describe, too. And if you lose it, then you can't use the key anymore.

Another difference is that a resident key takes space on the Yubikey, so you can't have infinitely many. Whereas you can have infinitely many "useless" files.